Ultrasound elastography predicts anticoagulation in lower extremity deep vein thrombosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate predictors of anticoagulation efficacy in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) by ultrasound elastography (UE). METHODS: The basic clinical, laboratory and ultrasound treatment data of fifty-eight patients with DVT were collected and analyzed. Then the results of ultrasound after 3-month anticoagulation treatment were compared among different groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors that affected anticoagulation efficacy. The predictive efficacy of each independent risk factor was accessed by drawing operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: According to the regression analysis, the elastic modulus (OR = 0.631, P = 0.001) and strain rate ratio (OR = 0.332, P = 0.006) were identified as independent risk factors for the effectiveness of anticoagulation therapy in patients with DVT. According to the ROC curves, elastic modulus and strain rate ratio could predict effective anticoagulation therapy for DVT, and the optimal threshold values were 22.10 kPa and 1.80 respectively. The corresponding AUC values were 0.879 and 0.854, with a sensitivity of 71.4% and 59.5%, a specificity of 93.7%, and a Youden index of 65.1% and 62.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The elastic modulus (≤22.10 kPa) or strain rate ratio (≤1.80) of the thrombus were independent predictors for the effectiveness of anticoagulation therapy.

The cellular and molecular basis of the spur development in Impatiens uliginosa.

The nectar spur is an important feature of pollination and ecological adaptation in flowering plants, and it is a key innovation to promote species diversity in certain plant lineages. The development mechanism of spurs varies among different plant taxa. As one of the largest angiosperm genera, we have little understanding of the mechanism of spur development in Impatiens. Here, we investigated the initiation and growth process of spurs of Impatiens uliginosa based on histology and hormone levels, and the roles of AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN (ABP) and extensin (EXT) in spur development were explored. Our results indicate that the spur development of I. uliginosa is composed of cell division and anisotropic cell elongation. Imbalances in spur proximal-distal cell division lead to the formation of curved structures. Endogenous hormones, such as auxin and cytokinins, were enriched at different developmental stages of spurs. IuABP knockdown led to an increase in spur curves and distortion of morphology. IuEXT knockdown resulted in reduced spur length and loss of curve and inner epidermal papillae structures. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of spur development in core eudicots.

Association of tumor budding with clinicopathological features and prognostic value in stage III-IV colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Tumor budding (TB) has emerged as a promising independent prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC). The prognostic role of TB has been extensively studied and currently affects clinical decision making in patients with stage I and II CRC. However, existing prognostic studies on TB in stage III CRC have been confined to small retrospective cohort studies. Consequently, this study investigated the correlation among TB categories, clinicopathological features, and prognosis in stage III-IV CRC to further enhance the precision and individualization of treatment through refined prognostic risk stratification. AIM: To analyze the relationship between TB categories and clinicopathological characteristics and assess their prognostic value in stage III-IV CRC to further refine the prognostic risk stratification of stage III-IV CRC. METHODS: The clinical data of 547 CRC patients were collected for this retrospective study. Infiltration at the front edge of the tumor buds was counted according to the 2016 International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference guidelines. RESULTS: Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis demonstrated that chemotherapy (P = 0.004), clinical stage IV (P < 0.001), ≥ 4 regional lymph node metastases (P = 0.004), left-sided colonic cancer (P = 0.040), and Bd 2-3 (P = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors in patients with stage III-IV CRC. Moreover, the density of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes was higher in Bd 1 than in Bd 2-3, both in the tumor stroma and its invasive margin. CONCLUSION: TB has an independent predictive prognostic value in patients with stage III-IV CRC. It is recommended to complete the TB report of stage III-IV CRC cases in the standardized pathological report to further refine risk stratification.

Robust, Sprayable, and Multifunctional Hydrogel Coating through a Polycation Reinforced (PCR) Surface Bridging Strategy.

The sprayable hydrogel coatings that can establish robust adhesion onto diverse materials and devices hold enormous potential; however, a significant challenge persists due to monomer hydration, which impedes even coverage during spraying and induces inadequate adhesion post-gelation. Herein, a polycation-reinforced (PCR) surface bridging strategy is presented to achieve tough and sprayable hydrogel coatings onto diverse materials. The polycations offer superior wettability and instant electrostatic interactions with plasma-treated substrates, facilitating an effective spraying application. This PCR-based hydrogel coatings demonstrate tough adhesion performance to inert PTFE and silicone, including remarkable shear strength (161 ± 49 kPa for PTFE), interfacial toughness (198 ± 27 J m-2 for PTFE), and notable tolerance to cyclic tension (10 000 cycles, 200% strain, silicone). Meanwhile, this method can be applied to various hydrogel formulations, offering diverse functionalities, including underwater adhesion, lubrication, and drug delivery. Furthermore, the PCR concept enables the conformal construction of durable hydrogel coatings onto sophisticated medical devices like cardiovascular stents. Given its simplicity and adaptability, this approach paves an avenue for incorporating hydrogels onto solid surfaces and potentially promotes untapped applications.

A new species of Elimaea (Poaefoliana) Ingrisch (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from China.

One new species of leaf katydids, Elimaea (Poaefoliana) kiukiangensis sp. nov. from the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains region, is described, based on recently collected material. Illustrations of mounted specimens including male genitalia, and habitat images are provided. A distribution map is also provided. The types are deposited in Insect Collection of Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS).

A Visible Light Responsive Smart Covalent Organic Framework with a Bridged Azobenzene Backbone.

Condensation of 3,3'-diamino-2,2'-ethylene-bridged azobenzene with 1,2,4,5-tetrakis-(4-formylphenyl) benzene produces a visible light responsive porous 2D covalent organic framework, COF-bAzo-TFPB, with a large surface area, good crystallinity, and thermal and chemical stability. The results demonstrate that the elaborated designed linker can make azo unit on the COF-bAzo-TFPB skeleton undergo reversible photoisomerization. This work expands the application scope of covalent organic frameworks in photo-controlled release, uptake of guest molecules, dynamic photoswitching, and UV-sensitive functions.

[Correlation of anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies with unexplained recurrent miscarriages].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies and its IgG or IgM subtypes were correlated with unexplained recurrent miscarriages. METHODS: In our a single-center retrospective study, 283 patients with at least one unexplained miscarriage who visited the Third Hospital of Peking University between January 2021 and August 2023, aged between 18-40 years, and tested for anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies IgG or IgM subtypes, were included. The patients with either positive IgG or IgM anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibody were regarded as positive for anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibody. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to study the correlation of anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies and its IgG or IgM subtypes with unexplained recurrent miscarriages. And the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value of anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies and its IgG or IgM subtypes in unexplained miscarriages was calculated with four-fold table. RESULTS: Chi-square analysis showed that anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies and its IgM subtypes were correlated with recurrent miscarriages (both P < 0.05), while the IgG subtype was not correlated with recurrent miscarriages (P>0.05). After adjusting with anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-ß2 glycoprotein antibodies, lupus anticoagulants, antinuclear antibodies, and age by Logistic regression analysis, anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies were correlated with unexplained recurrent miscarriages (OR=2.084, 95%CI 1.045-4.155, P < 0.05), and anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibody IgM subtypes were correlated with unexplained recurrent miscarriages (OR=2.368, 95%CI 1.187-4.722, P < 0.05).The sensitivity of anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibody in recurrent miscarriage was 65.43%, the specificity was 48.51%, the positive predictive value was 33.76%, and the negative predictive value was 77.78%. In the patients with recurrent miscarriages with negative classical antiphospholipid antibodies, the sensitivity of anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibody was 59.09%, the specificity was 63.23%, the positive predictive value was 40.63%, and the negative predictive value was 78.40%. The sensitivity of the anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibody IgM subtype for the diagnosis of recurrent miscarriage was 65.43%, the specificity was 50.99%, the positive predictive value was 34.87%, and the negative predictive value was 78.63%. CONCLUSION: Anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibody and IgM subtype antibody are correlated with unexplained recurrent miscarriages in patients with at least one unexplained miscarriage. Whether positive anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibody or IgM subtype could predict future unexplained recurrent miscarriages warrants a prospective study.

[Research progress in chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and clinical application of Curcuma wenyujin and prediction of its quality markers].

Curcuma wenyujin, as one of the eight Daodi-herbs in Zhejiang province, is widely used. It has the effects of eliminating stasis and dissipating mass, moving Qi and activating blood, and clearing heart and relieving depression. Modern studies have shown that it has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-thrombus and liver-protecting effects and mainly contains sesquiterpenoids, monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, and curcumins. This paper reviews the research progress in the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of C. wenyujin in the last decade, discusses the modern clinical applications combined with the traditional efficacy, and predicts its quality markers(Q-markers) from plant consanguinity, medicinal properties, efficacy, processing and measurability of chemical components based on the theory of Q-markers, so as to provide a reference for the establishment of a scientific quality evaluation system and the research and application of this herb in the future.

A case report of the treatment and care of decubitus ulcers in macaques with spinal cord injury.

Decubitus ulcers are a common spinal cord injury (SCI) complication that puts patients' lives in danger and has emerged as a more prevalent issue in modern clinical rehabilitation and care. Decubitus ulcers in humans can currently be treated in a number of different ways, but there are fewer studies on how to treat and care for decubitus ulcers in macaques. To treat a 20-year-old adult male macaque monkey with SCI and decubitus ulcers after a quarter transection of the thoracic spinal cord, a number of scientific care procedures and pharmaceutical treatments, such as dietary changes and topical or intravenous administration of medication, were carried out and continuously monitored in real-time. In comparison to the untreated group, we observed a significant improvement in decubitus wound healing in the macaques. In this article, we provide a good protocol for decubitus ulcer care after SCI and suggest that future experimental animal modeling needs to focus on issues such as care for postoperative complications.

[Progress of researches on acupuncture-moxibustion promoting wound repair].

Wound is a common surgical disease characterized by skin defect or functional limitation. Studies have found that acupuncture-moxibustion plays an important role in wound healing. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanisms of acupuncture-moxibustion in promoting wound repair. Outcomes display that acupuncture-moxibustion has an action in promoting wound restoration by improving wound flow perfusion, promoting angiogenesis, increasing the number of fibroblasts and regulating collagen synthesis. In addition, acupuncture can effectively promote wound healing by controlling the release of inflammatory cytokines, up-regulating the expression of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-ß1, and affecting phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B, mitogen-activated protein kinase and advanced glycation end products/receptor for AGEs signaling pathways. Based on the above studies, it is highly recommended that future studies should pay more attention to the multi-mechanism coordinated regulation target center, and the therapeutic means and dose-effect relationship of acupuncture-moxibustion in tissue repair.

Help-Seeking Intentions for Depression from Mental Health Professionals Among Community-Dwelling Persons in Central China.

Understanding the intention of community residents to seek help from mental health professionals (MHPs) is essential in targeting interventions that promote the prevention and treatment of depression. This study aimed to investigate the current status of Chinese community populations' depression help-seeking intentions from MHPs and explore factors influencing the intentions. Data were used from a survey conducted in a city in central China (n = 919 aged 38.68 ± 17.34, 72.1% female). Help-seeking intentions, help-seeking attitude, depression stigma, family function and depressive symptoms were measured. The total mean score on the intent to seek help from MHPs was 11.01 ± 7.78 and most of respondents were unwilling to seek professional help. Multiple linear regression showed that participants who were students, held a positive help-seeking attitude and had low personal stigma were more likely to have the intention to seek help from MHPs. It is necessary to utilize effective interventions to improve community residents' intention to seek professional help. These include promoting the importance of seeking professional assistance, optimizing the quality of mental health services and altering residents' prejudice to seeking professional help.

[Medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for pain].

The present study collected data on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) compounds effective in relieving pain from the patent database of the State Intellectual Property Office(SIPO), sorted out the TCM compounds against pain in patents, and analyzed the medication rules to provide references for the research and development of new TCM drugs against pain. The data were subjected to frequency statistics, association rules, cluster analysis, and complex network analysis by IBM SPSS Modeler 18.3 and SPSS Statistical 26.0. The results showed that among the 101 oral prescriptions included in the statistics, the top 5 drugs were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and among the 49 external prescriptions included in the statistics, the top 5 drugs were Myrrha, Olibanum, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Borneolum Syntheticum, and Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Whether oral or external prescriptions, the drugs were mainly warm in nature, and bitter, pungent, and sweet in flavor. According to TCM complex network analysis, the core drugs were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, and Chuanxiong Rhizoma in oral prescriptions, and Olibanum, Myrrha, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and Angelicae Sinensis Radix in external prescriptions. Overall, the therapeutic principles of oral prescriptions were mainly replenishing Qi, nourishing blood, and promoting Qi and blood circulation, while those of external prescriptions were activating blood, resolving stasis, promoting Qi flow, and relieving pain on the basis of the oral prescriptions. In the future research and development of TCM compounds against pain, the prescriptions should be modified with mind-tranquilizing and depression-relieving drugs. With the modernization of TCM, the development of new pain-relieving TCM compound patents based on ancient methods and clinical experience adhering to the guidance of TCM treatment based on syndrome differentiation can meet the new demand for pain treatment in the current society and give full play to the advantages of TCM in pain treatment.

Can we trust computers to assess the cognition of stroke patients? A systematic review.

Purpose: To summarize the classification of computerized cognitive assessment (CCA) tools for assessing stroke patients, to clarify their benefits and limitations, and to reveal strategies for future studies on CCA tools. Methods: A literature review was performed using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, JAMA Network, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO databases from January 1st, 2010, to August 1st, 2022. Two authors independently screened the literature following the same criteria, evaluated the study quality, and collected data from the articles. Results: A total of 8,697 papers were acquired from the six databases. A total of 74 potentially eligible articles were selected for review. Of these, 29 articles were not relevant to this research, 3 were reviews, 2 were not written in English, and 1 was on an ongoing trial. By screening the references of the reviews, 3 additional articles were included in this study. Thus, a total of 42 articles met the criteria for the review. In terms of the CCA tools analyzed in these studies, they included five types: virtual reality (VR)-based, robot-based, telephone-based, smartphone-based, and computer-based cognitive assessments. Patients' stages of the disease ranged from the subacute phase and rehabilitation phase to the community phase. A total of 27 studies supported the effectiveness of CCA tools, while 22 out of 42 articles mentioned their benefits and 32 revealed areas for future improvement of CCA tools. Conclusions: Although the use of CCA tools for assessing the cognition of post-stroke patients is becoming popular, there are still some limitations and challenges of using such tools in stroke survivors. More evidence is thus needed to verify the value and specific role of these tools in assessing the cognitive impairment of stroke patients.

Protection of H9c2 Myocardial Cells from Oxidative Stress by Crocetin via PINK1/Parkin Pathway-Mediated Mitophagy.

This study aimed to explore the oxidative stress-protective effect of crocetin on H2O2-mediated H9c2 myocardial cells through in vitro experiments, and further explore whether its mechanism is related to the impact of mitophagy. This study also aimed to demonstrate the therapeutic effect of safflower acid on oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and explore whether its mechanism is related to the effect of mitophagy. Here, an H2O2-based oxidative stress model was constructed and assessed the degree of oxidative stress injury of cardiomyocytes by detecting the levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px). Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-detecting fluorescent dye DCFH-DA, JC-1 dye, and TUNEL dye were employed to assess mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. Autophagic flux was measured by transfecting Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B adenovirus. Mitophagy-related proteins were then detected via western blotting and immunofluorescence. However, crocetin (0.1-10 µM) could significantly improve cell viability and reduce apoptosis and oxidative stress damage caused by H2O2. In cells with excessive autophagic activation, crocetin could also reduce autophagy flow and the expression of mitophagy-related proteins PINK1 and Parkin, and reverse the transfer of Parkin to mitochondria. Crocetin could reduce H2O2-mediated oxidative stress damage and the apoptosis of H9c2 cells, and its mechanism was closely related to mitophagy.

The complete chloroplast genome and phylogenetic analysis of Lemmaphyllum carnosum var. drymoglossoides (baker) X. P. Wei, 2013.

Lemmaphyllum carnosum var. drymoglossoides (Baker) X. P. Wei, 2013 is a valuable medicinal fern in China. Its complete chloroplast genome was determined using Illumina paired-end sequencing. The genome was 157,571 bp in length with 130 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 35 tRNA genes. It displayed a quadripartite structure consisting of a small single-copy (SSC) of 21,691 bp, a large single-copy (LSC) of 81,106 bp, and two inverted repeats (IRs) of 27,387 bp, respectively. The phylogenetic results indicated that L. carnosum var. drymoglossoides exhibited the closest relationship with L. intermedium, and this study provided new information for the phylogenetic relationship of the Polypodiaceae family.

The facilitating role of phycospheric heterotrophic bacteria in cyanobacterial phosphonate availability and Microcystis bloom maintenance.

BACKGROUND: Phosphonates are the main components in the global phosphorus redox cycle. Little is known about phosphonate metabolism in freshwater ecosystems, although rapid consumption of phosphonates has been observed frequently. Cyanobacteria are often the dominant primary producers in freshwaters; yet, only a few strains of cyanobacteria encode phosphonate-degrading (C-P lyase) gene clusters. The phycosphere is defined as the microenvironment in which extensive phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria interactions occur. It has been demonstrated that phytoplankton may recruit phycospheric bacteria based on their own needs. Therefore, the establishment of a phycospheric community rich in phosphonate-degrading-bacteria likely facilitates cyanobacterial proliferation, especially in waters with scarce phosphorus. We characterized the distribution of heterotrophic phosphonate-degrading bacteria in field Microcystis bloom samples and in laboratory cyanobacteria "phycospheres" by qPCR and metagenomic analyses. The role of phosphonate-degrading phycospheric bacteria in cyanobacterial proliferation was determined through coculturing of heterotrophic bacteria with an axenic Microcystis aeruginosa strain and by metatranscriptomic analysis using field Microcystis aggregate samples. RESULTS: Abundant bacteria that carry C-P lyase clusters were identified in plankton samples from freshwater Lakes Dianchi and Taihu during Microcystis bloom periods. Metagenomic analysis of 162 non-axenic laboratory strains of cyanobacteria (consortia cultures containing heterotrophic bacteria) showed that 20% (128/647) of high-quality bins from eighty of these consortia encode intact C-P lyase clusters, with an abundance ranging up to nearly 13%. Phycospheric bacterial phosphonate catabolism genes were expressed continually across bloom seasons, as demonstrated through metatranscriptomic analysis using sixteen field Microcystis aggregate samples. Coculturing experiments revealed that although Microcystis cultures did not catabolize methylphosphonate when axenic, they demonstrated sustained growth when cocultured with phosphonate-utilizing phycospheric bacteria in medium containing methylphosphonate as the sole source of phosphorus. CONCLUSIONS: The recruitment of heterotrophic phosphonate-degrading phycospheric bacteria by cyanobacteria is a hedge against phosphorus scarcity by facilitating phosphonate availability. Cyanobacterial consortia are likely primary contributors to aquatic phosphonate mineralization, thereby facilitating sustained cyanobacterial growth, and even bloom maintenance, in phosphate-deficient waters. Video Abstract.

Brain region-specific genome-wide deoxyribonucleic acid methylation analysis in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuropathology and cognitive decline and associated with age. The comprehensive deoxyribonucleic acid methylation (DNAm)-transcriptome profile association analysis conducted in this study aimed to establish whole-genome DNAm profiles and explore DNAm-related genes and their potential functions. More appropriate biomarkers were expected to be identified in terms of AD. Materials and methods: Illumina 450KGSE59685 dataset AD (n = 54) and HC (n = 21) and ribonucleic-acid-sequencing data GSE118553 dataset AD patients (n = 21) and HCs (n = 13) were obtained from the gene expression omnibus database before a comprehensive DNAm-transcriptome profile association analysis, and we performed functional enrichment analysis by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses (KEGG). Three transgenic mice and three wild-type mice were used to validate the hub genes. Results: A total of 18,104 DNAm sites in healthy controls (n = 21) and AD patients (n = 54) were surveyed across three brain regions (superior temporal gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). With the addition of the transcriptome analysis, eight hypomethylated-related highly expressed genes and 61 hypermethylated-related lowly expressed genes were identified. Based on 69 shared differentially methylated genes (DMGs), the function enrichment analysis indicated Guanosine triphosphate enzymes (GTPase) regulator activity, a synaptic vesicle cycle, and tight junction functioning. Following this, mice-based models of AD were constructed, and five hub DMGs were verified, which represented a powerful, disease-specific DNAm signature for AD. Conclusion: The results revealed that the cross-brain region DNAm was altered in those with AD. The alterations in DNAm affected the target gene expression and participated in the key biological processes of AD. The study provides a valuable epigenetic resource for identifying DNAm-based diagnostic biomarkers, developing effective drugs, and studying AD pathogenesis.

Primary Treatment for Clinically Early Cervical Cancer with Lymph Node Metastasis: Radical Surgery or Radiation?

OBJECTIVE: To compare survival outcomes between primary radical surgery and primary radiation in early cervical cancer. METHODS: Patient information was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Results database. Patients diagnosed with early cervical cancer of stage T1a, T1b, and T2a (American Joint Committee on Cancer, 7th edition) from 1998 to 2015 were included in this study after propensity score matching. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Among the 4964 patients included in the study, 1080 patients were identified as having positive lymph nodes (N1), and 3884 patients were identified as having negative lymph nodes (N0). Patients with primary surgery had significantly longer 5-year OS than those with primary radiotherapy in both the N1 group (P<0.001) and N0 group (P<0.001). In the subgroup analysis, similar results were found in patients with positive lymph nodes of stage T1a (100.0% vs. 61.1%), T1b (84.1% vs. 64.3%), and T2a (74.4% vs. 63.8%). In patients with T1b1 and T2a1, primary surgery resulted in longer OS than primary radiation, but not in patients with T1b2 and T2a2. In multivariate analysis, the primary treatment was identified as an independent prognostic factor in both N1 and N0 patients (HRN1=2.522, 95% CI=1.919-3.054, PN1<0.001; HRN0=1.895, 95% CI=1.689-2.126, PN0<0.001). CONCLUSION: In early cervical cancer stage T1a, T1b1, and T2a1, primary surgery may result in longer OS than primary radiation for patients with and without lymph node metastasis.

[Spatio-temporal Variation in PM2.5 Concentration and Its Relationship with Vegetation Landscape Patterns in Typical Economic Zones in China from 2000 to 2020].

This study explored the temporal and spatial variation in PM2.5 concentration and its relationship with the vegetation landscape pattern in three typical economic zones in China, which is of great significance for regional PM2.5pollution control and atmospheric environmental protection. In this study, the pixel binary model, Getis-Ord Gi* analysis, Theil-Sen Median analysis, Mann-Kendall significance test, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple correlation analysis were used to explore the spatial cluster and spatio-temporal variation in PM2.5 and its correlation with the vegetation landscape index in the three economic zones of China on the basis of PM2.5 concentration data and MODIS NDVI data set. The results showed that PM2.5 in the Bohai Economic Rim was mainly dominated by the expansion of hot spots and the reduction in cold spots from 2000 to 2020. The proportion of cold spots and hot spots in the Yangtze River Delta showed insignificant changes. Both cold and hot spots in the Pearl River Delta had expanded. PM2.5 showed a downward trend in the three major economic zones from 2000 to 2020, and the magnitudes of increasing rates were higher in the Pearl River Delta, followed by those in the Yangtze River Delta and Bohai Economic Rim. From 2000 to 2020, PM2.5 exhibited a downward trend in the context of all vegetation coverage grades, and PM2.5 had most significantly improved within extremely low vegetation coverage in the three economic zones. On the landscape scale, PM2.5 values were mostly correlated with aggregation index in the Bohai Economic Rim, with the largest patch index in the Yangtze River Delta and Shannon's diversity in the Pearl River Delta, respectively. Under the context of different vegetation coverage levels, PM2.5showed the highest correlation with aggregation index in the Bohai Economic Rim, landscape shape index in the Yangtze River Delta, and percent of landscape in the Pearl River Delta, respectively. PM2.5 showed significant differences with vegetation landscape indices in the three economic zones. The combined effect of multiple vegetation landscape pattern indices on PM2.5 was stronger than that of the single vegetation landscape pattern index. The above results indicated that the spatial cluster of PM2.5 in the three major economic zones had changed, and PM2.5 showed a decreasing trend in the three economic zones during the study period. The relationship between PM2.5 and vegetation landscape indices exhibited obvious spatial heterogeneity in the three economic zones.